Infertility in men
Infertility in men is a multifactorial issue with a significant impact on modern reproductive medicine. About 50% of infertility cases in a couple are related to male factors. Accurate diagnosis requires a comprehensive clinical and laboratory evaluation. Therapeutic interventions range from pharmaceutical and hormonal therapies to assisted reproductive techniques, depending on the underlying cause. Advancement in understanding male fertility enables an individualized approach and improvement of reproductive prognosis.
Male infertility is most often due to disorders that affect sperm production or transport. One of the main indicators of fertility is the number of sperm in the sperm. When this number is lower than normal, the condition is called oligospermia, while in cases of complete absence of sperm, azoospermia is referred to.
In addition to the quantity, the mobility of spermatozoa is equally critical, as their ability to move within the female reproductive system is necessary for natural conception. Reduced mobility, known as asthenospermia, can drastically reduce the chances of successful fertilization.
In addition, sperm morphology plays a key role in achieving pregnancy. Abnormalities in the structure of spermatozoa may interfere with the penetration of the egg, making the process of conception difficult. In addition to factors concerning sperm, the conditions that affect fertility in men are related to erection or ejaculation problems.
Prepossessive factors
the Excessive physical fatigue It can affect the functioning of the male reproductive system. Also, the frequent Using skinny pants and underwear It can increase the temperature in the testicular area. end, profession which include long hours of sitting work, driving or exposure to chemicals They are also associated with disorders of spermatogenesis. The increased temperature in the testicles, as a consequence of the above factors, negatively affects the quality of the sperm.
a few more predisposing factors may cause male infertility.
These predisposing factors are the following:
-Hormonal imbalances, such as hypogonadism (low testosterone).
-Diseases, such as diabetes mellitus.
-Cirsocele.
-Inflammations in the area of the testicles or prostate.
-Obclusive diseases of the tubules that carry sperm.
-Retrograde ejaculation.
- Tumors or damage to the central nervous system.
-Use of toxic substances or drugs.
-Excessive drinking and smoking.
-Radiation or chemotherapy in the perinatal area.
-Injuries or testicular torsion.
-Advanced age.
How is investigated infertility In men?
The assessment of male fertility includes analyzing parameters such as Number, motility and morphology of spermatozoa, allowing a better understanding of the causes of infertility and their targeted treatment through appropriate therapeutic interventions.
The investigation of male infertility begins with Detailed medical history and physical examination of the patient. The doctor evaluates factors such as previous conditions, operations and habits that may affect fertility.
The spermatogram It is the most basic examination, as it analyzes the number, motility and morphology of spermatozoa. Repeated tests ensure reliable results and help identify possible disorders. Sperm analysis can reveal conditions such as oligospermia, asthenospermia and teratospermia.
Hormonal tests are also necessary. The hormonal tests They check levels of testosterone, FSH, LH and prolactin to detect any hormonal disorders. The Ultrasound control of the testicles It helps to diagnose varicocele, tumors or obstructive diseases. Finally, the genetic testing It is used to detect chromosomal abnormalities.
the testicular biopsy applied in cases of azoospermia, where the sperm does not contain sperm. All these diagnostic methods allow targeted diagnosis and individualized therapeutic approach.
What is the Appropriate treatment To deal with it?
IVF
